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I. Sci-tech resources and strengthen
1. Sci-tech resources
Beijing area enjoys abundant sci-tech resources, which in turn endows it with a considerably significant position nationwide. In terms of work force, Beijing area ranks a leading position throughout the country with a population of 274000 engaged in sci-tech activities, of which the scientists and engineers take up 82.8% of the total. There are 629 academicians with Chinese Academy of Sciences or Engineering in Beijing area, accounting for 46.7% of the entire body nationwide. From the perspective of scientific research institutes,
Beijing boasts its largest number of government institutions, universities and colleges and scientific research institutions, including 263 of government-run scientific research institutes and 650 of scientific research institutes affiliated with universities and colleges, accounting for 6.5% and 17.6% of the total respectively. Beijing area also pools 29.3% of key labs, 45.0% of key scientific research projects and 30.4% of key academic subjects in national terms, of which the life science, materials science, mathematical and physical science and information science grow into cutting edges of Beijing area with 41.0%, 25.0%, 54.2% and 31.8% of the key labs throughout the country respectively.
2.Sci-tech input
Sci-tech investment in Beijing area takes a leading position nationwide, with its R&D/GDP ratio hitting 7.0%, five percent higher over the national average level and also the only one area in the world so far with 6 plus percentage.
3.Sci-tech output
Beijing area undertakes 1100 state-level scientific research projects in three categories, namely, the Fundamental Research Program, 863 Program and Scientific Breakthrough Program, pooling more than 32% of technologic projects and funds. In 2002, Beijing area witnessed 8.1% of the patent applications, 12.3% of the published dissertations and 18.2% of monographs of the total nationwide, with three categories of indexed dissertations in SCI, EI and ISTP numbering 7488, 4402 and 2617, accounting for 21.0%, 23.7% and 25.5% of the total in the country respectively.
4. Private sci-tech enterprises
The private sci-tech business amounts to 90% plus of the high-tech sector in Beijing, mostly concentrated in the science and technology zones. In 2002, there were 1033 private sci- tech enterprises outside the scientific and technologic development zone in Beijing, of which 36 enterprises made a more than RMB 100 million of output value and persons engaged numbered 69363, the total revenue RMB 21.158 billion and tax payment RMB 1344.978 million.
5.Restructured scientific research institutes
In 2002, Beijing reported 127 restructured scientific research institutes and 22738 personnel engaged in scientific and technologic activities, of which 112 institutes have been translated into business organization or incorporated into business conglomerate, accounting for 88% of the total. The restructuring of scientific research institutes further accelerates the industrialization of scientific achievements.
6 . R & D establishments of multinational or overseas corporations in Beijing.
Beijing area draws a great number of multinational or overseas corporations to set up their R & D establishments in Beijing. Till now, there are 54 R & D establishments in total from 49 multinational corporations, and 293 out of the top 500 world-class enterprises maintain their representative offices or R & D centers in Beijing, together with 87 overseas large-scale enterprises having 103 R & D establishments in Beijing. A survey conducted in 2002 on 35 multinational corporations having R & D establishments in Beijing shows that these corporations have invested RMB 890 million into R & D work in Beijing, accounting for 4.1% of the total citywide.
7. Scientific research institutes directly under the central government.
Scientific research institutes directly under the central government play a dominant role in Beijing area, with 214 institutes in total accounting for 81.4% of the government-run counterparts in this area. Over 61% of scientific research practitioners and scientists and senior engineers work at these institutes which pool 73% of the scientific research funds in Beijing. Additionally, 92% of three state-level scientific research programs in Beijing area are undertook by Beijing-based government-run institutes which have maintained 77% plus of pending patent applications, patents, published sci-tech dissertations and monographs.
II. S ci-t ech's contribution to Beijing's economy and society.
Technologies, as an immediate driving force, play a increasingly important role in the social progress. Beijing's sci- tech power has also made great contribution to the local economic and social development in many aspects.
1 、 Hi-tech industry
The fast-speed and steady growth in high-tech industry over the recent years has inject tremendous impetus to the capital's economic development. In 2003, Beijing's high-tech industry achieved an output value of RMB 145.539 billion and a sales volume of RMB 141.063 billion as well as an added value of RMB 31.407 billion. The added value in high-tech sector accounted for 8.7% of the GDP and 30.97% of that in whole industry. High-tech sector has grown into a leading drive for the capital's economic development.
2 、 Software industry
As an emerging sector in recent years, the software industry in Beijing maintains a high-speed growth and continuous tremendous momentum to the development of the local economy.
Between 2000 and 2002, Beijing's software industry witnessed an annual average growth rate of 31.8% in the sales revenue, three times that in the local GDP in the same period. The sales revenue from the local software industry jumped from RMB 19 billion in 2000 to RMB 33 billion in 2002, 1.74 times that in 2000 and accounting for approximately 30% of the total in the country. The customs statistics reported USD 93 million worth software product export in 2002 and an annual average growth rate of 44.2% compared with USD 44.70 million in 2000, 3.4 times of the annual average growth rate in local business in the same period. It is estimated that, in 2003, the software industry in Beijing will generate sales revenue of between RMB 38 billion and 40 billion and an added value of no less than RMB 10.26 billion.
Meanwhile, the rapid growth in Beijing's software industry also gives rise to incredibly powerful business concentrating effect as evidenced by a group of world-renowned software enterprises flushing into Beijing. 38 world-class software companies including Microsoft, IBM, CA, SUN, BEA and ORACLE have or will establish their R & D and production organization in Beijing.
3 、 Major scientific and technological achievements
In 2003, 297 awards for sci-tech achievements were reported in Beijing, some of which imply high degree of social and economic benefits. For example, the Starlight series digital imaging chips developed by Beijing Zhongxing Microelectronics Co., Ltd has snatched 40% plus market share in computer multimedia input chips worldwide, thus becoming the real first China-made chip to squeeze into the world market. A new research finding named preparation of comb-shaped salt resistant polymer or KYPAM developed by Chinese Academy of Petroleum Exploration and Development Petroleum Engineering Research Institute has generated immediate economic benefits of more than RMB 96 million. The hybrid matching-based fingerprint recognition system and application developed by the Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences has produced immediate economic benefits of more than RMB 40 million so far. Moreover, some of these awards have rendered technical support for the sustainable development of China's society and economy, such as the deep-layer complex lithologic and cracking petroleum reservoir bed attributes in Qingxi, Yumen and its development techniques research by the Development Institute of Chinese Academy of Petroleum Exploration and Development, which has delivered technical support for searching new oilfield.
4 、 Tech market transaction
Since 1999, the tech trade volume in Beijing has long been the No.1 nationwide. In 2003, 32173 technology contracts were concluded with total tech trading volume reaching RMB 26.536 billion, 18.99% and 20.03% rise over the previous year respectively. Among them, the finished tech trading volume amounted to RMB 22.662 billion and finished contract value RMB 12 billion, a 25. 23% and 17.69% rise over the previous year respectively.
Among all the concluded tech transactions, technology contracts in five high tech sectors including IT, bio-engineering and new medicines, photo-electro-mechanical integration, new materials, environmental protection and comprehensive resources utilization still held the dominant position, with 15944 tech contracts concluded and RMB 13.063 billion contract value achieved, accounting for 49.56% and 49.23% respectively. Currently, Beijing has become the national center for tech trading, which not only catalyzes the tech market in the capital to accelerate the industrialization process of tech achievements also shapes a competitive edge for the local economic and tech development.
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